Enkolagana ki eri wakati wa HCMOS ne LVCMOS?
Okusinziira ku ndowooza z’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya wa integrated circuit n’ensengeka y’ebika, CMOS, HCMOS, ne LVCMOS tezirina nkolagana nnyangu ya parallel oba substitutional. Wabula, zikola enkola y’ensengeka y’ebifo egabanyizibwamu okusinziira ku bipimo eby’enjawulo n’okukwatagana kw’ebifaananyi.
Enkolagana enkulu esobola okunnyonnyolwa bweti: LVCMOS si ye mulembe oguddako-omusika wa HCMOS, wabula ttabi ddene erisengekeddwa "ekitundu kya vvulovumenti". Mu nkola y’emirimu, ebyuma eby’omulembe ebya LVCMOS bisukkulumye mu bujjuvu ebyuma bya HCMOS ebyasooka. Ebibiri bino bya ndowooza mu bipimo eby’enjawulo era nga bikwatagana nnyo mu tekinologiya ow’omulembe.
1. Omusingi Omukulu: Tekinologiya wa CMOS
Tekinologiya wa CMOS akola ng’omusingi gw’enjawulo zonna eziddako. Ekintu kyayo ekitegeeza kwe kukozesa P-MOS ne N-MOSFETs ezijjuliza okukola inverters oba logic gates endala, okutuuka ku theoretically zero static power consumption. Ebyuma byonna ebya HCMOS ne LVCMOS ebyogeddwako wano bigabana engeri eno enkulu.
2. Enkulaakulana ya Tekinologiya Okusinziira ku Milembe gy’Emirimu (Primary Dimension) .
Ekitundu kino kigabanyizibwamu okusinziira ku biseera n’enkola, nga kino kiraga enkulaakulana mu nkola z’okukola ebintu.
CMOS ez’ennono (okugeza, 4000 Series) .
Ebifaananyi: Etwala enkola z’okukola ez’omutendera ogwasooka-nga zirina obunene bw’ebifaananyi obunene n’obusobozi bw’obuwuka obusirikitu obw’amaanyi. Ewa voltage range empanvu (3–15V) naye ebonaabona n'okulwawo okusaasaana okuwanvu (ku order ya ~100ns), sipiidi entono, n'obusobozi obunafu okuvuga output.
HCMOS (CMOS ya sipiidi ya waggulu-)
Ebirimu: Nga tukendeeza ku bipimo bya transistor mu kigerageranyo, capacitance ya parasitic ne gate capacitance y’ebyuma bikendeera nnyo. Okulongoosa kuno kukendeeza nnyo okulwawo kw’okusaasaana (okutuuka ku mutendera gwa ~10ns) ate nga kukuuma amaanyi amatono agatali gakyukakyuka. Obusobozi bwayo obw’okuvuga output nabwo bwongerwako nnyo.
Ensengeka y’eby’ensoma: HCMOS ekiikirira ekitundu kya tekinologiya eky’ebyafaayo. Yalaga ekifo tekinologiya wa CMOS we yatuuka n’okusukka sipiidi ya enzikiriziganya ya TTL eya bulijjo mu kiseera ekyo, n’eteekawo enkizo za CMOS ezijjuvu mu kukola n’okukozesa amaanyi. Ekikikirira kyayo ekimanyiddwa ye 5V-operated 74HC series. Kinajjukirwa nti HCMOS kifupi kya High-Speed CMOS, so si High-Voltage CMOS. Mu nkola ez’omugaso, ekigambo High-Voltage CMOS tekitera kukozesebwa; bwe kiba kyetaagisa, kisaana okufunzibwa nga HVCMOS.
3. Okugabanya kw’ebizimbe okusinziira ku vvulovumenti y’okugaba (Ekipimo ekirala eky’omusalaba-) .
Ekipimo kino kituukirizibwa okusinziira ku vvulovumenti y’okugabira era kikwatagana n’ekipimo ekisinziira ku mutindo gw’emirimu-.
CMOS ya 5V
Mulimu CMOS ey’ennono eyasooka n’ebyuma ebisinga ebya HCMOS (okugeza, 74HC series). Kino kye kyali ekitundu kya vvulovumenti ekyasooka okubeera n’omutindo mu bantu bangi.
CMOS ya vvulovumenti eya wansi-
Ennyonyola: Ekigambo eky’awamu eri amaka gonna aga CMOS logic agalina voltages ezikola wansi nnyo okusinga omutindo gwa 5V. Enkulaakulana yaayo okusinga etambulira ku kulongoosa enkozesa y’amaanyi ag’amaanyi (dynamic power consumption optimization), kubanga enkozesa y’amaanyi agakyukakyuka (dynamic power consumption) ga circuit egeraageranye ne square ya voltage y’okugabira.
Ebika ebitonotono: LVCMOS eyongera okugabanyizibwamu vvulovumenti okukola omuddirirwa gw’omutindo:
3.3V (LVCMOS): okugeza, 74LVC series
2.5V, 1.8V, 1.5V, 1.2V, n’ebirala: Nga process nodes zigenda mu maaso, voltages ezikola zigenda mu maaso n’okukendeera.
Okwegatta n’Okwegatta mu kiseera kino
Okussa wansi mu byafaayo: Mu byafaayo by’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya, HCMOS (okugeza, 74HC) ye kibiina ekitono eky’omutindo gwa tekinologiya wa CMOS.
Cross-Dimensional Overlap: HCMOS (okuggumiza sipiidi) ne LVCMOS (okuggumiza vvulovumenti) ndowooza ezesigamiziddwa ku misingi egy’enjawulo egy’okugabanya. Chip emu esobola okubeera mu biti byombi omulundi gumu.
Okugeza, 74HC series ya 5V HCMOS.
74LVC series ya 3.3V LVCMOS, ate okutwalira awamu sipiidi yaayo esukka eya 74HC series. Bwe kityo, 74LVC zombi LVCMOS era etuukana mu bujjuvu n'engeri ya "high-speed".
Enkulaakulana y’okugatta n’ebigambo eby’omulembe guno:
Mu nkola za leero eza submicron ne deep-submicron CMOS, voltage entono efuuse ekyetaagisa okutuuka ku sipiidi enkulu n’okukozesa amaanyi amatono. N'olwekyo, CMOS integrated circuits zonna empya ezikoleddwa mu butonde "low-voltage".
"High-speed" tekyali kabonero akakwata ku mitendera gy'ebintu egy'enjawulo wabula ekintu eky'ensi yonna ekya tekinologiya wa CMOS ow'omulembe. Mu nkola z'ebyenjigiriza ne yinginiya, ekigambo "HCMOS" kitera okukozesebwa okutegeeza okutwalira awamu enzirukanya zonna eza CMOS ezikola obulungi-nga zeesigamiziddwa ku nkola ez'omulembe, era ekitundu ekisinga obunene ku nkulungo zino zigwa mu kiti kya LVCMOS.
Mu mbeera y’omulembe guno:
CMOS: Nga ekigambo eky’omuggo eri tekinologiya, mu bubonero obufuluma mu kirisitaalo oscillator, kitegeeza mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okufuluma kwa siginiini ya square wave eriko enkomerero emu-.
HCMOS: Mu makulu gaayo amagazi, enyonyola ebifaananyi by’omutindo ogwa waggulu-eby’enkulungo za CMOS ez’omulembe.
LVCMOS: Etegeeza bulungi omutindo gw’amasannyalaze ogwa vvulovumenti entono ekola.
N'olwekyo, nga tunnyonnyola "3.3V, high-speed CMOS signal", enjogera y'eby'ensoma esinga obutuufu eri nti: Sign eno ekwatagana n'omutindo gw'amasannyalaze ogwa LVCMOS (okugeza, LVC) era eraga engeri za high-speed ez'enkola za CMOS ez'omulembe. Nga tekinologiya ow’enjawulo, HCMOS’s core legacy-okulongoosa mu nkola okuyita mu nkola scaling-asikiddwa era esukkulumye ku tekinologiya yenna ow’omulembe LVCMOS. Endowooza zino zombi za bipimo eby’enjawulo mu ndowooza era nga zigatta mu bujjuvu mu nkola ey’enkola.