Okukozesa 21.4MHz Filter mu Walkie-Talkie Field

Okukozesa 21.4MHz Filter mu Walkie-Talkie Field

21.4MHz filter etera okukozesebwa nga intermediate frequency (IF) filter mu walkie-talkie receivers, era omulimu gwayo gusalawo butereevu ebiraga ebikulu ebibiri ebya walkie-talkies: okulonda n’okutegeera.

Tujja kunnyonnyola mu bujjuvu okuva mu bintu bino wammanga:

1. "Frequency ey'omu makkati" ya Walkie-Talkie kye ki?

Okusobola okutuuka ku mutindo omulungi, walkie-talkies (nga kwotadde n’ebikwata ebirala ebya superheterodyne) tebigaziya butereevu na kuggyamu bubonero bwa leediyo frequency (RF) obufunibwa (okugeza, 400-470MHz). Mu kifo ky’ekyo, bakwata emitendera gino wammanga:1 Okutabula: Siginini ya RF eya frequency enkulu efunibwa etabulwa ne siginiini ekolebwa oscillator ey’omu kitundu.2 Okutondebwa kwa Frequency ey’omu makkati: Oluvannyuma lw’okutabula, siginiini empya eriko frequency etakyukakyuka ekolebwa, nga eno ye frequency ey’omu makkati.3 IF Amplification and Filtering: Siginini ya IF etakyukakyuka eyongezebwa nnyo era n’esengejebwa mu ngeri enkakali.

Ekirungi ky'ensengekera ya "superheterodyne" kiri nti ebisinga obungi ku magoba n'okulonda (obusobozi okusengejja okutaataaganyizibwa kw'emikutu egy'okumpi) bituukibwako ekitundu kino ekya IF ekinywevu, ekifuula dizayini ya nkulungo okutebenkera n'okukola obulungi.

2. Lwaki 21.4MHz?

21.4MHz ye frequency ya standard IF eyettanirwa ennyo mu bbandi za VHF/UHF (nga mw’otwalidde ne bbandi ezikozesebwa walkie-talkies). Ensonga zaayo ez’ebyafaayo n’eby’ekikugu mulimu:

Olujegere lw’amakolero olukulu: Ku frequency ya 21.4MHz, waliwo omuwendo omunene ogw’ebisengejja, amplifiers, n’ebitundu ebikwatagana nabyo ebikuze, ebinywevu, era eby’ebbeeyi entono-ebisangibwa.

Enzikiriziganya wakati w’omulimu n’omuwendo: Frequency eno eri waggulu ekimala okuziyiza obulungi okutaataaganyizibwa kw’ebifaananyi (okutaataaganyizibwa okwa bulijjo mu kusembeza); mu kiseera kye kimu, kiri wansi ekimala okwanguyiza okukola dizayini n’okukola ebisengejja ebya waggulu-Q (quality factor) (nga ebisengejja bya kirisitaalo n’ebisengejja bya seramiki).

Obusika obw’ebyafaayo: Frequency eno ebadde ekozesebwa mu by’empuliziganya okumala emyaka mingi, era chips nnyingi eza classic walkie-talkie n’ebigonjoola bikoleddwa okwetoloola frequency eno ey’omu makkati.

3. Omulimu Omukulu ogwa 21.4MHz Filter mu Walkie-Talkies

Mu kitundu kya 21.4MHz IF, omusengejja ye "omukuumi w'omulyango" omutuufu. Omulimu gwayo mukulu nnyo:1 Okulongoosa mu kulonda

Omulimu: Okulonda kitegeeza obusobozi bw’omuweereza okwawula siginiini eyagala okuva ku siginiini nnyingi n’okunyigiriza obubonero obw’okutaataaganyizibwa kw’emikutu egy’okumpi.

Engeri gye kikola: Ffilta ya 21.4MHz erina ekipimo ky'okuddamu kwa frequency ekiwanvu ennyo (ebiseera ebisinga nga "bbugwe w'amabaati"). Kikkiriza ekitundu kya siginiini kyokka nga kiriko 21.4MHz nga wakati ne bandwidth entuufu ennyo okuyita mu (okugeza, ±6.25kHz, ±7.5kHz, ±12.5kHz etera okukozesebwa mu walkie-talkies, ekikwatagana n’ebanga ly’emikutu egy’enjawulo).

Enkola ey’omugaso: Nga leediyo bbiri ezirina frequency eziriraanye ennyo ziweereza omulundi gumu, walkie-talkie eriko ekyuma ekisengejja 21.4MHz eky’omutindo ogwa waggulu-esobola okuwulira obulungi eddoboozi lya leediyo egenderere, ate nga mu ngeri ennungi enyigiriza siginiini y’omukutu omulala oguliraanyewo okwewala okukubaganya ebirowoozo. Awatali ffilta eno oba nga olina ffilta ekola obubi, ojja kuwulira eddoboozi lya "channel crosstalk".

2 Okulongoosa Obuwulize

Omulimu: Obuwulize kitegeeza obusobozi bw’omuweereza okufuna obubonero obunafu.

Engeri gye kikola: Nga tonnaba kugaziya siginiini ya IF, omusengejja gukozesebwa okusooka okusengejja okuva mu-of-amaloboozi ga bbandi n’okutaataaganyizibwa. Mu ngeri eno, okugaziya okukulu ye siginiini ey'omugaso "enyonjo" yennyini. Singa okugaziya kukolebwa awatali kusengejja, out-of-band noise nayo ejja kugaziwa, bwe kityo ne kibbira ebweru w’akabonero akakola akanafu.

Ekikolwa eky'omugaso: Kisobozesa walkie-talkie yo okukuuma empuliziganya etegeerekeka ne ku mabanga amawanvu oba nga erina obubonero obunafu.

4. Ebika bya 21.4MHz Filters

Mu walkie-talkies, ebisengejja ebya bulijjo ebya 21.4MHz okusinga birimu ebika bino wammanga:

Omusengejja gwa Ceramic:

Ebirimu: Ebbeeyi ntono, sayizi ntono, yeesigika nnyo, era tekyetaagisa kulongoosa.

Enkola: Ekozesebwa nnyo mu mid-to{1}}low-end walkie-talkies, era omulimu gwayo gumala okutuukiriza ebyetaago ebisinga ebya bulijjo. Bandwidth yaayo ne shape factor (ekiraga okupima obugulumivu bw’empenda y’omusengejja) bitera okuba ebibi katono okusinga ebisengejja bya kirisitaalo naye nga birungi nnyo okusinga ebisengejja bya LC.

Omusengejja gwa Crystal:

Ebifaananyi: Alina omuwendo gwa Q ogwa waggulu ennyo, kale okulonda kulungi nnyo, era ensonga y’enkula eri kumpi nnyo n’embeera entuufu.

Enkola: Ebiseera ebisinga ekozesebwa mu high-end professional walkie-talkies oba emikolo egyetaagisa obusobozi obw'amaanyi ennyo obw'okuziyiza-okuyingirira. Ebisale bisinga ku by’ebisengejja ebya seramiki.